Zomi in i Kalsuan zia et phat huai...

Hih video in Zomite nam vei zia le i minam vai kalsuan zia tawmkhat lam ong lak in ka mu a, a beisa hun a i kalsuansa te bek hilo, ong pai lai ding hun tampi te en toto leng gen ding tampi hong om ding hi. I vei mahmah minam min kipsak zawh nang i hanciam laitak in, namdang te nung ah ki tawtah in, i tuk thapaih mawk ding leh bel ki tawtal in i tuk suak ding nak patauh huai sim tham hi.

Evan Langh Do Khup

Tu dinmun i et ciangin Min diktak letkip zawh nang a hanciam mahmah minbam it kisa tampi om a, tua kawmkal ah minam min sangin i hihna takleh i mizia tak mite in ong theihding lunggulh in panla ki om hi. Khial cih om thei lo a, tua hoih zaw cih zong gen ding i tehi nai kei hi. A gah muh ding om nailo tuak ahih manin ngaihsut haksa hi. A hizong in a gah koi limci zaw in, koi khang sawt kimang zaw a, koi lampi tawnin i minam cidam zaw ding hiam cihte zong ong ngaihsut huai mahmah mawk hi.

Makai leh mipil te in thu ong gnaihsun kaak le uh mipi in ki lunggulh mahmah ta cih mipi aw te i zak det ahi hi.  Kimawhsak lo in, sep ding a masa en siamin, Minam cidam nang koizaw masak huai cihte en masa siam leng i minam hampha ding a, ei Zomite zong i hampha ding hi.
   

Who are Zo and Why we got Nomenclature ZOMI?

Who are Zo and Why we got Nomenclature ZOMI?

♡♡♡♡♡♡♡
Hih ZORO IN ZORAM agenpen Zosuante tenna gamteng ahihi. Mizoram agenciang in Mizoram State bek ahihi.
ZO agenciang ZO suante khempeuh (Kuki-Chin-Zomi-Mizo etc) agennuam a hihi. ZORO gen mah bang in Zomi Council; ZRO; ZNC/ZCD etc leh Zomi National Movement in zong ZO Definition agenciang in; ZORO te gen ZO mah agen tawh kibang a hihi.
Tua hia Myanmar gam Zomi-914 hangin; ZOMI akicih nak leh Tedim gama ZOte in ko ZO hongtuh acihdet uh Minampi lungsim hi hetlo hi.Ngaihsutna leh Tangthu siksan akibat loh nate  hang a hihi.
Tu in ZORO leh ZRO te ban ah Dr.Vumson etc te in ZO agelh mangbang in;Myanmar Zomi-914 in ZO agen uh kibang a hihi.
ZOMI akigennak leh Tedim gama Zote in Zo nongtuh uh ciin Online pan nong telkhialhloh ding un;unau sisan ki naina tawh kong thum hi.Mite National Movement tawh atai sawm lam in;Ei Family group vai (Dilect group) vai i vathunlut lohding thupi kasa hi.

For ZOMI NATIONAL MOVEMENT (ZNCM~ZOMI TIMES) May 30;2016 Yangon

By: Kham Lian Tuang

Brief History of Zomi in Chin State

Brief History of Zomi in Chin State

Photo Credit: Zomi Nationals

The outsider calls Zomi Community as Chin,Kuki and Lushai. “Zo”(Zhou)is their ancestor’s name and “Mi”(Ming)means people. And in Chinese words “Zhou Ming”.  They ruled China in 1027-211 BC.  Hence, they were called as Zomi people.

Some of the Zomi are migrated from China around 220 BC and settle in different place and different countries. They are Mongoloid by race, their language belong to Tibetan-Burma group, who enjoy full political freedom from generation to generation under their Chief administration on their own land. They never have a tendency to invade the land of others, and the same way they never want to be invaded and be under the ruling power of the outsider.

However, the British came in 1872 and invade the innocent land of the Zomi in 1890, and ruled over them for 55 years. When India got independence in 1947 and Myanmar (Burma) 1948, the land of the Zomi Country had divided into two groups, one as Northeast India and another as Western Myanmar. Moreover, when Bangladesh became independent country, some of the Zomi were permanently divided and separated within their own land. Therefore, Zomi were scattered through three countries in Western Myanmar, Northeast India and Bangladesh. This boundary replaces the original of Zomi feeling and became a kind of permanent disease for the Zomi. The economic life of theZomi is governed by what may been called the primitive economy. They are merely self-sufficient and they have no surplus food. Agriculture is the basic of the economy.          

The land of Chin State is Located at the Western part of Myanmar bordering with India and Bangladesh. The Chin State constituted out of the Chin Hills on 4^th January 1974.The land is a mountainous region covered with teak and bamboo forest. The Famous peak and mountains of their land are Thangmual (Kenedy), Innbukmual, lunmual,Bawipamual, Khonumual(Fortwhite) and Awtawrawmual, Where as Rivers are Meitei gun(Mani pure Rivers), Ciau, Bawinu, Lemro, Mitta and Mong are the most important rivers in their land. Rith is the largest lake in the Chin State. The Whole countryside is covered with vegetation. Wild beasts like lions,tigers, leopards, bears, boars, elephants, wild bears, bison’s, deer’s wild goats ,foxes, wolfs etc. Moreover, winged birds, hornbills, and sparrow, eagle, parrot weaves birds, pigeon, dove, cuckoo, owl, hawk, wood picker pewit etc.

Though the land does not have a common language, Tedim, Falam and Haka are most widely spoken dialects in the northern part, while Matu, Khumi, Dai and Mara are spoken in the southern part of their Land.  Tedim language is the first easy to understand in Chin State. They community used the foreign language called Burmese, because the land does not have the rights to promote its dialects for common language to be used. Chin State has three climate, namely are Phalbi(Winter Season),Khuakhal(Summer Season) and Tuuk(Rainy Season) in their land. Chin State is located in the Western part of Myanmar between latitude 20 40 North and East of Chin State is Sagai Division, to the South are Magway Division and Rakhine(Zakhai) State. And to the West are the Indian State of Mizoram, Manipur and the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh. The capital of Chin State is Haka(Khalkha), Chin State has connection with Myanmar prepared by all weather roads and by air at Kalaymyo. Their National Day is celebrated on 20 February every year since 1948, and is considered as an official holiday in the Chin State.

For administrative convenience the whole State in divided into 12 townships. The townships namely are Tedim, Tonzang, Cikha, Falam, Haka, Thantlang, Matupi, Mindat, Rih Khuadal, Rizua, Kanpalet and Paletwa. The Victoria peak located in the South is the highest point in the Chin State. The height of it is 10,018 feet above sea level. In the Northern and central regions, the Zomi occupies the slops only from about 4,000feet to a little over 7,000 feet. In the Southern Chin Hills occupancy extends down slope to 3,500 or 3,000 feet. Chin State is generally less than 90 miles. The total Zomi population both inside and outside of their land is estimated at about four million around.

As before Myanmar (Burma)got independence, physically the Zomi were fine taller stouter than their neighbors in the plain on both the North and the East before, the average highs of the Zomi is from five and four inches to six inches over. However, today they are even smaller than their neighbors; it is very difficult to find men 5 Feet and 10 inches and 6 feet height, because the independence of Myanmar affects their economic and political life in negative way.

In the ancient times, the Zomi people spent most of their time in fighting and hunting. Life was hard and precious, there was constant fighting between tribes and villages. In theZomi life, religion plays an important role is closely intertwined with everything from the planting  of crops to birth, omens, divination and drums guide deaths, and festivals etc. Their beliefs Social-economic and religious significance for the person concerned during and after his life depend on all this function. Animals were killed and sacrificed. Zu (rice bear)is consumed, and singing and dancing go on day and night. The traditional religions of the Zomi were animism. Then, became an indigenous religion called Laipiannism or Pau  Cin  Hau  religion.

Before, Christianity came to the Zomi people they spent most of their time fighting and hurting. They lived with one another to excel in these activities. Life was hard and precious. There was continues fighting between tribes and villages. Communication between tribes and villages was difficult and made and life was unsafe. Famine, epidemics, disease and similar misfortunes were common. All these were believed to because by evil spirit call dawi. After, American Baptist Missionary came from the west during the last decade of the 19^th century on 15 March 1899 in Chin State. The Zomi community was drastically changed by the grace of God.

Khaibawi

References:

1.Khup Za Go,Zo Mi Nam Tawh Kisai Thu(New Delhi: Zo Research Community Centre,2001).

2.C.Thang Za Tuan ,Zomite Tangthu Vol.1,(Kalaymyo: Zomi Christian  Literature Society,2005).

3.Hau  Za Cin , Ka Laikung Panin (Guwati: Zo Aw Publications,2007).

4.Khup Za Go,Christianity in Chinland (Guwati: Christian Literature Central,1985.

5.J.CSchwab,ChinEncyclopediaBritannica.Vol5,1963.

6.Khup Za Go,Leivui Panin,(Guwati:ChristianLiteratureCentral,2004).

7.Do Suan Mung, Tapidaw Pawlpi Leh A Upna Tangthu, (Faith Baptist Theological Seminary: Yangon, Myanmar ,2005).

Myanamr Census leh 914

914 : Zomite Aituam Census Code Hi Lo
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Myanmar Census 2014 thu paizia a theician lo teng ading leh Tedim ah minam min leh pha zah tawh kisai kikupna om ding cih i zak tawh kizuiin gen cianna ong bawl hi ing.

Myanmar kumpi in a gam sungah minam 8 (eight major ethnic groups) om ciin ciamteh hi. Hihte pen tulai taka Myanmar kici gam huang sungah 1823 kum malam pana a teeng khinsa teng hi. Vai, Rohingya, Sen a kipan a tula sim minam dang tampi teeng mahleh gam sung minam in kumpi in sang nailo hi.

Myanmar kumpi in a nuaia bangin minam giat leh tuate nampeng teng vekpi 135 pha ciin ciamteh lai hi: -

1. Kachin : nampeng - 12
2. Kayah : nampeng - 9
3. Kayin : nampeng - 11
4. Chin : nampeng - 53
5. Mon : nampeng - nil
6. Bamar (Kawl) : nampeng - 9
7. Rakhine : nampeng - 7
8. Shan : nampeng - 33

Myanmar Census 2014 vaisaite in computer tawh baih taka ciapteh leh sim theihna dingin minam 8 leh nampeng 135 teng a nuaia bangin Code nambat vawh ciat hi:-

Kachin Code No. 101 to 112
Kayah Code No. 201 to 209
Kayin Code No. 301 to 311
Chin Code No. 401 to 453
Bamar (Kawl) Code No. 501 to 509
Mon Code No. 601
Rakhine Code No. 701 to 707
Shan Code No. 801 to 833

Census pen Myanmar gam sunga milip om zah simna ahih manin minam 8 leh nampeng 135 laka a kihel lo teng zong a nuaia bangin code nambat vawh hi:-

Myanmar + Foreigner MIX 900
01 Thailand 901
02 Malays 902
03 Nepal 903
04 Pakistan 904
05 Singapore 905
06 Chinese 906
07 Japanese 907
08 Korean 908
09 Indian 909
10 Bangaladesh 910
11 US-American 911
12 Vietnamese 912
13 Philippines 913
     OTHERS 914

Chin a cih sunga nampeng tuamtuam pha zah leh tuate census code nambat:-

01 CHIN 401
02 MEITEI 402
03 SALINE 403
04 KULINKAW 404
05 KHUMI 405
06 AWA -KHAMI 406
07 KHUANO 407
08 KHAWSU 408
09 KHUANGSAI 409
10 KHUALSIM 410
11 KHUANGLI 411
12 GUNTE 412
13 GUITE 413
14 NGAWN 414
15 SIZANG 415
16 SENTHANG 416
17 SAIZANG 417
18 ZAHAU 418
19 ZOTUNG 419
20 ZOPHEI 420
21 ZO 421
22 ZAN-NIAT 422
23 TAPONG 423
24 TEDIM 424
25 TEIZANG 425
26 TAISUN 426
27 THADO 427
28 TAWR 428
29 DIM 429
30 DAI-YINDI 430
31 NAGA 431
32 THANGKHUL 432
33 MALIN 433
34 PANUM 434
35 MAGUN 435
36 MATU 436
37 MARA 437
38 MI-ER 438
39 M-GAN 439
40 LUSHAI 440
41 LEMRO 441
42 LENTE 442
43 LAUTU 443
44 LAI 444
45 LAIZO 445
46 MRO 446
47 HUALGO 447
48 ANU 448
49 ANUN 449
50 OO PU 450
51 LHINBU 451
52 ASHO 452
53 RONGTU 453

A tunga bangin kumpi theihpih minam 135 baanah gamdangmi tawh mix 13 tengin Census code nei tuam ciat hi.

Code nei lo teng aikeh code nei minam sunga a kigelh nuamlo teng khempeuh 914 ah kiciaukhop ngeingai kul cihna hi, Zomi zong kihel in. Zomi dinmun pen "others" hi pan hi.

A telcian lo ten 914 pen Zomi aituam code sa liang hi. A taktakin 914 code sunga kikhum teng pen mikhual cihna bang phial aikeh tualsuak minam taktak (indigenous) dana a kisim thei nailo teng hi.

914 a kikhum Zomite bang ci bang taktak i hi hiam, code nam 12 khawnga kikhen dalh lel i hi hiam, tua dan hileh Zomi tul sawmnga i pha zo tam?

Bang bang ahi zongin, thu kikupkhop theih diamdiam leh kithutuak dialdial kaan Zomi ading omlo cih kilang hi.

Credit: J Thang Lian Pau

Hi tawh kisai na sim beh nop leh Zomi Info ah zong kisim beh thei hi.

Suangphut Research & Media: Researched by Joshua Thang, Th. M

Vol I, Issue I, Dececember 2012

Introduction: Suangphut Research & Media pen AD 2012 Phut Thang Net Media Publication Vol. I, Issue No. 1 ah kisimthei a, Tuanpupate mapatsa teng mah hizaw in septheih ding tampi ih nei hi. Pu Suangphut pen Pu Phut Thang mintap hi-a, Kaalzang khua vive pan ahi-uh hi. Amau hunlai in tung Pasian in thupha na pia in mualbawl suangphut thei zel ding in na siamngei khin hi cih ih theithei hi. Leitung khuahun kiheizel in Simsing paak zel, zo sing paak zel ahihman-in muntuamtuam ah ih om zong Pu Phut Thang min kilawhna Suangphut Research & Media pen khangthakte vaipuak khat hita cih Welcome Speech hisak ni.

I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

Pu Zo pan khangsimna azangkhawmthei atamzawte pen ZOMI cin ihkisamthei hi.  Pu Zo pen Tibet gam pan Kawl gam lut ahihman-in ama’ suan leh khak khempeuh zong Tibeto-Burman sung ah kiciamteh khawm hi. KaChinte tawh Unau Sanggam khat in akisim khawmtheite zong kihi a, Chindwin gundung ah Pute akimansuah ahihhang tunidong in Unau Sanggam khat hihna pen Zo Inn lam daan leh Kachin In lam daan tang thu in gen lai hi.

Kachinte in Zomite pen “Khang” hong ci uh a, Zomite in Kachinte pen “Behte” ih-ci hi.Inn alam uh ciang in Unau Sanggampa hong tunteh aomna ding ci’n deikhat awng sak hamtang uh a, Zomite’n zong tua bang teekteek mah in Khanglui Innte ah Innsung deikhat ki-awng sak in “Talaap” kici hi. Tua pen Sanggampa hong tunciang in aomna ding zong hi pah mai hi. Hihzah dong namdangte tawh tangthu omlo hi.

Hun khat ciang in Kawlmangpa(Ava?) ukna haksa lua mahmah ahihman-in Pu Zo suanlehkhakte in Suahtakna zong in amual aguam ah na lal kawikawi uh a, atawpna ah Kawlte paizawh mengmeng nawnlohna ding Khamtung gamdong kitungto ta ahihman in Ciimnuai ah na ituah khawm ngeingai uh a, Zomi Tedim Kampau azanghte khuapi masa Ciimnuai cihtheih ding ahihi. Hun hongpai zel in Ciimnuai ah Kum tampi akiteen khit ciang in khantohna zui in khua tuamtuam sat theihna hun hong tun takteh Pu Neilut in Ciimnuai pan Paakzang leh Simzang na sat a, Simzang khua aa suak atapa neubel Pu Genzo akhanciang in atate Khupmu, Suante leh Henkai tawh Tumang khua na sat leuleu hi. Tumang khua ah Pasian in Thupha pia ahihman-in neih leh lamh kicing nei a, Genzo min tawh min kilawhna adiak in Phuisamna kammalte kipan khia hi.

Pu Suante, Pu Khupmu leh Pu Hen Kaite in apa sih khit ciang in Ciimnuai ciah kik ding geelna nei uh a, Ciimnuai khualui ah Tui vadimkik in lut napi’n vateengsuak kik nawnlo in Saizang gam tui kingahna: “Zophei/Khuaphei” akicihna mun ah Khaal khat sung bang ateen khit uh ciang Vangteh Botung akicihna mun, Saizang khua gaal khat ah khuasat in a teeng uh hi.

Vangteh Botung ah Pu Suante pen Kaal Singkungpi pona zangtam ah teeng ahihman in khuapih Bonuai lam aa teeng Behdangte in “Kaalzangpa” cipah uh a, tua min paisuak in ata-atute dong in atuntunna ah “Kaalzangte” cisuk lai uh ahihman in tuni dong in “Suante Beh leh Kaalzang” cih kammal pen kipeh-lawh tawntung hi.

Hun khat ciang in Pu Khupmu vaihawmna tawh Thanglo khuathang khua akisat khit ciang in Pu Suante in asungh-pa Pu Hang Sum tawh kop in Phaipi khua na sat uh hi. Pu Hen Kai pen a Sanggampa Suante tawh kikhawlden ahihman-in Suante tunna mun peuh ah Hen Kai suan leh khakte aomden hipah hi.

Vangteh Botung pan Phaipi khuasatna leh Phaipi khua pan tulai Kaalzang kici mun ah Pu Suante in Lozuan in An ahauh mahmah na leh khuamun ding in ciamteh in akikhual mahmahna dong ah Pu Suante min kidawkziate pen Beh leh phungdangte hong theihpih tham tangthuneizo “Kaalzangpa Logam” Leitang hoih mahmah pan Anhaksat hun sung naleng in duh leh deih teng kingah in nuam kisa mahmah ngei kici-napi’n Kaalzangpa pen sibaih ahihman-in a-ngaihsutnate tangtun kim mannailo in kiciamteh hi. Pu Suan Te’ tapa neihsun Suan Kai hong khan ciang in mi teitang, mi kizen, athanuam, agualhuai khat mah hong suak in apa’ mun leh gam ah teengkik in khuasuak sak a, “Kaalzang Khua” cipah uh hi. Pu Suan Kai khansung mah in khuakiim khuapaam pan meeltheih u leh nau, lawm leh gual, beh leh phung tuamtuam in sak leh khang pan Kaalzang khua hong zuan uh ahihman in hun tomno khat sung in Kaalzang khua Thupi khat suak a, Kaalzang khua pan akizang Zongeina kician nei Beh pawl khat piangkhia hi.

Hun hong pai zeel in Zogam tangthu ciaptehna pan ihkitheihtheih mah bang in Kaalzang khua ah Suante Beh in Khang 9 bang Hausa sem in apau khit hun khat ciang in Meikatna huhau in kibeidong mahmah kawmkaal ah neek le dawn ahaksat laitak in gaal om a, Kaalzang khua ah haksatna lianpi tung in gilnat-lainatna huhau leh vai tuamtuam hang in Kaalzang khua pan Lolam leh gamsung khuadang zuan in apaikhia pawl zong ki om hi. AD 1850 kiim pawl in Sukte Beh Pu Khan Thuam pen Mualbem pan Tedim gam ukzo tham din hong hatciang in Zogam khua thupite simkawikawi in alaakzawhna peuh pan Kaalzang khua Hausapi Suante Behte Siah-kaihngei: siahtung-siahphei kaih mah tuuk in Pu Khan Thuam zong siahkaih hong kipatteh Kaalzang khua kisiat hun hong hita ahihman-in muntuamtuam-khuatuamtuam ah lalkhiat mang hun tawh hong kizom in “Kaalzang Babel Tausang Hun” zong kici thei hi.

Mikang Kumpi hong khanciang in amau’ ukna nuai kitung khin leuleu in ei leh ei ki-uk, ki makaih tawm theihna hun pan ei khantohtheihna ding pen eimau’ thu bek hilo in mi khut tung ah a om hun in suahtak theihna ding kizong ciat aa, Mikangte tawh kidona leh khua tuamtuam-gam tuamtuam ah lalkhiatzel hun, Mikang galkapte in Inn khawng ahal zel hun, Siallum kulh kidona hun cih bang in Zogam ah haksatna tampi mah ki-thuakkha khawmzel hi.

Kaalzang khua pan Pu Suangphut tupa, Pu Phut Thang makaihna tawh Tuanpupate pianna Ciimnuai Vangkhua lam manawh kik uh a, Ciimnuai ah Tuidim kik in Phaileng khua alutma un Ciimnuai nazuan masa phot uh hi.

Ciimnuai ah Tui dimkik khin uh a, Tuanpupate biak-asiam: asa uh tung ah sasin salung puak in sep ding teng asepkhit uh-teh Kaalzang ciah kik ding vaihawmna aneih laitak un Pu Suangzong leh Pu Suanman bawng sung pan Sanggamte pawlkhat hong tunciang un kamkum uh hi. Kaalzang ciahkik nuam pawl leh khuathaksat nuam pawl cihbang a omciang in hih kamkumna pan Phaileng khua atungmasa Sanggamte hong khohna mangzaw phot dih ni, “Tu tadih in Phaileng ah lutphot ni” cih thukimna aomciang in Phaileeng na zuansuak phot uh a, tunidong mah in Pu Suangzongte pawl khat Phaileeng ah teengsuak lai uh hi.

Pu Phut Thang makaihna tawh Ciimnuai kilut kik masa phot ahihmahbang in Phaileng pan in Ciimnuai khuapang khat Phaileng lampang Tui omna mun ah Lozuan bek lo-in Buk limtak lam in teen theihna ding zah dong in na bawl ngei uh a, Ciimnuai kiim teng pan an hau in nuam asa mahmah ngei uh hi. Hibang in Phaileng pan Ciimnuai ah paithei zel uh a, teensuak ding a-ut uh hang in Logam hoih leh Gankhawk ding ngaihsutna tawh akhuadaak uh ciang in gamthak sat ding a-ngaihsutna uh tungtawn in tuhun Lunmual gam sung teng ah gamveel in apai zeel uh hi.

Phaileng pan Ciimnuai khuathak (Pu Phut Thang’ Lomun, a-utna leh asihna mun) ah teensuak ding pen Pu Phut Thang sihkhitciang in kikhawl bawl phot in Pu Phut Thang mahmah gamveel in apaina, aakluisan keng in ak khuang angaihna mun, aaktui aisaan in aipha mahmah ei acihna gam ah c. AD.1869 in khuasat uh a, Mualzawl Khua ci uh hi.  Hih khuasatna ah Beh 7 ki-gawmkhawm Inn 46 pha in kiciamteh a, Pu Phut Thang’ tapate: Pu Dongh On, Pu Tuah Vial, Pu Tuang Neng leh Pu VumLuan (Phaileng Khua pan Saipi 7 manlak ah Saipi 1 man ahihman in Saithauneipa) unau-teng pen Suante Beh: Luahlangh Bawwng sung pan Mualzawl khuasatte lak ah minkidawkte hi a, Pu Dongh On upen ahihmahbang in Tultawi nasep sem hi. Pu Suanmante leh Pu Suangzongte sung pan pawl khat omlai kici a, pawl khat pen Phaileng ah ciahkik in adangte khuadang ah paisuak lai uh ahihman in aminte uh kithei ban nawnlo suak hi.

II. GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND:

Pu Suangphut’ tupa Pu Phut Thang pen apianna leh akhankhiatna Kaalzang khua hinapi ateenna muntuamtuam ahihi. Tuate sung pan 1. Kaalzang, 2.Ciimnuai, 3.Phaileeng  cihbang ahihi. Pu PhutThang’ tate: Dongh On, TuahVial; TuangNeng, VumLuan leh AwiHuai te unau 5 pha uh hi. Hunkhatciang-in Kaalzang khua meikat huhau in neih leh lamh teng “Vut ” asuahkhitciang-in Kaalzang khuabup in akihuhzozawsawnding kuamah aomnawnlodinmun akitunvat-takteh Tuanpupate Siktuidawn-ngei Ciimnuai ah Tuidimkik masak phot ding a-utpah teng makaih in Pu Phut Thang in hong paikhiatpih pahlian hi.

Ciimnuai ah tawl khat sung ki om a, Kaalzang zuankikding in avaihawm laitak un Suangzong Bawngh sanggamte pawl khat leh Pu Suanman Bawngh pawl khat hong tunciang un Kamkupna hong nei leuleu uh a, “Phaileng pan Sanggamte hong khohna mangzaw phot dih ni, tua kawm in khuaheek enlai dih ni” cih thukimna tungtawn in khuathak satding zong geelnai-tuanlo in Phaileeng ah na lutsuak phot uh cin kiciamteh hi.

Khangthukante ciaptehna bang in Phaileng ah Kum 24 sung khang khat phial kiteeng man hi. AD.1869 in Phaileng pan Mualzawl khua kisat in Kum 24 mah kiteeng a, Mikangte hong khanciang in Khua hong kihalsak(1892?)teh Kangkaan, Tuimu leh Vomkuate ah Kum 3 sung kibeel phot hi.

AD.1896 in Lunmual khua kisat a, tunidong in kiteengsuak lai hi. Khua masa Mualzawl khua icih pen tulaitak Lunmual khua pan Tai 1 kiim ah a om khuamun nuam mahmah khat hingei a, Mualdung zangtam mun kidawh hoih khat ahihman-in “Mualzawl Piinpeen” kici Mualzawl ahihi.

AD.1883 kum in Nuam khua pan Muizawl khuasatna tangthu ah Pu Tuang Neng’ Innkuan(BelThual&OnKhualte) kihelkhin a, Mikangte in Khamtung Gam khua tampi ahaalzial hun pek in zong azawlte tawh Muizawl khua mah a na om in, tunidong mah ama’ suan leh khak teng Muizawlte hisuak lai uha, Saizang awsuah zangtheikim in “Muizawl Maung: Muizawl Mee” asuakkhawmtoto Muizawl khua Suante Beh kicite pen Pu Phut Thang’ Tute kihelna mah ahihi.

Mualzawl khua kihaalkhit hun mah pan Pu HongKhual leh Pu SonKhat zong Phaileeng zuankikphot in Khuangnung, Singmual leh Tuilangh khuasatna dong ah kihelsuak uh ahihman-un Tuilanghte in kiciamteh khawm uh hi.

Piantit paite hong ciah khit(1920)ciang in Hausa ThawngKhoThang hun sung in Lunmual khua pan Philnak khua ah Beh tuamtuam pan Inn tampitak in peemkhiatsan leuleu uh hi. 1970 kiim pawl pan Sawbwa leh Kalaymyo zuan in tampi lalsuklai uh hi. Zampi khua ah Pu ThangDam’ suan leh khak khempeuh lut uh ahihman-in Saizang Awsuah zang pawl khat kibehlap leuleu himah leh tuhun in Kalaymyo leh Yangon khawng ah teengsuk zaw uh hi.

Pu Phut Thang’ tute atamzaw Tedim Gamsung ah teeng uh a, adiak in Lunmual, Tuilangh; Philnak, Muizawl …cih bang in khua tuamtuam ah mun leh gam nei ciat uh a, 1950 khit pan tunidong Inn 10 valdeuh khawng zong Tedim khua ah Inn mun logam tawh teeng pan uh hi. Sanggamdangte pen Tahan, Kalaymyo; Sakhangyi, Sawbwa; Tamu, Yangon …etc, cihte ban ah Gamdang ah zong tawmtek ki om panta cih ding hi a, mimal pen kitamnaihetlo mai himah leh Eimau’ tunbanna gamciattek ah mun leh gam mah tawh kikhual tak in ki khuasa ciat cih ding hi. Tedim, Kalaymyo leh Yangon Khuapi aa omte pen Biakna lam nasep bulphuh zawdeuhte hipeen uh hi. Gamdangpaite ateengsuak thei pawl zong om kawmkawm ta-a, kikhualna tak tawh nasep hanciam uh ahihman-un pahtaakhuaithei mahmah uhi.

III. POLITICAL BACKGROUND:

Pu Phut Thang’ tute pen Eimau’ ki-uktawmna(Federal System) lamsang thupi asadeuhte ahi-uhhi. Ahang tampi aomzong in Ciimnuai khua nuntak khuasakziate leh Kaalzang Pu leh Pate hunlai pek pan Ki-uktawmna lamsang thupi kisa hi. Zogam leh Zomite Ki-ukna lamsang limlim zong Eimau’ mah ki-uktawmna akindiakte ihiciat hi. Eimau’ ki-uktawmtheihna(Federal) pen zatsiam leng khantohtheihna ding sepnop, bawlnop khempeuh eimau’ munciat ah eimau’ hanciamtawmna ciat tawh septheih, bawltheihdingte ahunlap in sep pahpah theih ding hi-a, midangte (Kawl/Vai) kiang ah vatokaiphot kulnawnlo ahihman in khantohna lam ah vaipuak nasep manlang tuam, taanglam mahmah kisa zaw ahihman in khuapi zuat ding a hanciamnopna uh om nailo, “Gual baan nuam ing” acite na-ngawn zong khuapi ah mi-ukna nuai lutding sang in khua ah amau’ suahtaakna tawh nahoih semthei kisa zaw uh, amau’ zingvaihawmtheihna kizangh-thei sazaw uh; khua leh tui ah Itna bulphuhna tawh nuntakna nuamsa zaw uh ahihman-in khuapi zuanzo mahmah ding himah leh zong Pianna Vangkhua mah Ngai-in Nitak Sangtuah hun na leeng in khual gamlapi ah vaiciah ding kithawi-in Khe lamtawn di leh Sakol nungzui kawm in vaiciah tangtangh zawmawk uh hi.

Tuhunciang in Cycle hong omman in Khuapi: Khuaneu kilamdanna omnawnlo zahdong in utna mun peuh ahunlap in akipaitheih hang nidanglai khawng Khualam hawhnopna aomteh Nikhat lam hipahpah hi. Hih pen Itna, Gam leh Minam Itna hang in a kiseelsim Thuguuk pawl khat leh Sisan kinaina tawh Itna bulphuhna hang ahihi.

Pilsinna lamsang ah kiniam mahmah lai ahihman in khangthak momnote in ahihtheihliai ding nak leh ngaihsutna thak tawh kalsuan theih ding, khuapi mah zuan zaw phot in (or) khua ah ih teenglai phial zong in khuapi mah ah omtualzaw thei ding in geelna nei thei leng, Naupangte sangkahna ding pen tutadih in khuapi mah ah Laisin Sangkah ding ngaihsut sak theizaw hi leng; Midangte tawh kizop daan khawng zong kisiambaihzaw thei ding, lawm leh gual hoih neih ding cih khawng zong nidang ciang nasepna ah muibun tak sepzawhna ding in athupi veve khat mah ahihi. Khuapi ah Sangkah cih pen Laisim daan hoihzaw cih bang bek tawh sang kikah hi zenzen lo a, mailam hunsaupi ah bangci kalsuan danding kikhualkholhna lampi cih phawkhuai hi.

Ki-ukna lamsang ah gamkhangtote paidaan, sepdaan hoih tampi om a, ei kiang ah zong khantohpih theih ding pawl khat om thei ding hi. Kanhuaite kan in Nahoih sem zel ni. Khuapi ah sangkah in pilna vasin cih pen Class sung aa kisin subject ban ah kiim leh paam pan sintheih pilna tampi tawh zong sinkhop pilna hipah hi.

Pu Phut Thang’ Tute sung ah pilna sangpi sin ki-omzo nailo ahihman-in Politics lam ah zong hong khual, hongvaan siam ding midangte hong theihpihtham makai kician kisam mahmah hi hang. Tuailai khangnote aw “Gam leh Nam Itna tawh Makai muanhuai suakthei na hihman-un na pilsinna uh thupi ngaihsun un la, hanciam tak mainawt sawm dih un.” Tu laitak dinmun pen khua hausaneu leh sawltak ciangciang bek ki omzo pan a, mi hong theihpih Gam Makai Hoih ki-omnailo mawk cih phawk ciat in khangthak pilsin sangkah Siamsin pawl in limtak ngaihsun unla, hanciamna hoih hong nei kik ta un.

IV. RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND:

Pu Phut Thang’ tute atamzaw pen Zongeina leh Biakna hahkat mahmah minam khen khat mah kihi a, Laipian(Beeltung Biakna) sung pan Christian Biakna lam ah kihei kim khinta phial cih ding ahihi. Muizawl ah Pu TuangNeng aa’ teng lian Laipian hilai uh a, Pa Dal Za Khai (Muizawl Khuathak) in Lai Sangmang sem in Gungaal kuam makaih hi. Muizawl khua aa omlai sanggamte leh Tahan lam aa lalsuk Pu TuangNeng sung pan aa piang sanggamte zong Laipian sung pan hong suakta mengmeng thei le uh ih deihsak hi. Ahizong in Biakna & Upna tawh kisai pen eimau’ deihteel ciat zuihtheih phalna om hi.

Pu Dongh On, Pu TuahVial leh Pu VumLuan aa’ teng khempeuh Christian Pawlpi tuamtuam (Baptist, AG, SDA, ZBCM, EBC, RC, …etc) ah om uh a, amau’ munciat tek pan Biakna hanciam mahmah tek lel uh cih ding hi. Lai Siangtho sangkah laitak leh asem kawmkawm zong om hi. Lunmual aa teng lak ah SDA Pawlpi sung ah Inn tam om pen aa, azom ah ZBCM, AG, Baptist, Full Gospel, EBC cih bang in tawm omkim al uhi.

Philnak leh Tuilangh sung pan atamzaw pen RC Pawlpi sung ah om uh a, Baptist  leh AG sung ah tawmbek om uhi. Tedim om teng leh Kawlpi dungsuk aa lal teng pen SDA, AG, Baptist, UPC cih bang in om uh a, Yangon leh Gamdang aa omteng pen AG, Baptist, SDA sung pan atamzaw om uh hi.

Pawlpi tuamtuam ah ih om zong ih tupna Vantung kibang, ih utlohna mun Heel kibang; hong bawlsiathei galpa Satan kibang, hong it Pasian khat bek kibang; Pasian’ Kammal Lai Siangtho ihzatnop kibang, Gumpa Jesuh kibang; Huhpa Kha Siangtho kibang… cihbang-in ih kibatna tamzaw aihteh “Itna Pasian bulphuh ciat ni”.

V. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Pu Phut Thang’ tute sung ah Leitung Pilna (Secular Degree) asinlaitak leh Degree ngah kician ki tamnaimeello cih ding hiphial mawk ahihman in khangthak momnote in sangkah laisim ding mah maban thupi pen in nong ngaihsut phot ding uh ih kihanthawn nuam masa hi. Tan 10 ciangciang kikah tei aa, Matrix Pass kician zong kitamnai hetlo zeel hi.

Biakna naseemding diin ideihsakteng Biakna Sang ah kahsakpah in, Gam leh Minam hong makaih ding in ihdeih teng pen Kumpi Sang mah ah kahsak pah zaw leng ahoihzaw diam? Khangnote sung pan mipil suakzoding tampitak mah AAS ah sangkah uh a, Kumpi College ah zomto suak theinawnlo uh ahihman un MUAS…PUNE cih khawng vazom zo zenzen in lai hongsiam mahmah ding uh ahihkeibuang leh laisin, laithei bek mah hilel in Gam Makaipi hongsuakthei ding kimlai zong semkhalo maiding paammaih uhi. Biakna sung leh NGO nasep tuamtuam lobuang amau’ sep ding ompaklo, nasep ngahlo tampi omkha zeel ding hipah lian mawk uh ahihman un paammaihlua uh hilo hiam?

Nute, Pate aw,… Tanote Sangkah daan ding maban hong ngaihsutpih mahmah un, Biakna nasem ding in piakkhiat ih sawm ta-naute Biakna Sang ah kahsak pah pen hoih mahmah ven; tualo adangteng pen amau’ lutnopna mun peuh alutzo ding in Kumpi Sang khawng mah ah kahsakpah mai leng hoih zaw mai lo ding hiam? Ngaihsunpha kik dih ni.

Tedim aa Sangthak kihong Setlam sintheihna bang ah kahsak mai leng hoihlo ding hiam?

Sang Inn ah Sia/Siamah, Zato Inn ah Siavuan/Siamah; Biak Innte ah Pastors, Lai Siangtho Sangte ah Lecturers, Professors cihte ban ah Kumpi Zum leh NGO tuamtuam ah Nasem Hoih leh Makai Hoih tampi ih om theihna ding in “Khangthakte’n Deihna Lungsim takpi tawh Pilna sin ding in thasaan in Khangthakte hong kipan phakik tapeuh dih un”. Midangte demnopna Lungsim hilo, gualtawh kimnopna lungsim hong nei dih un. I dinmun aniamziate Liimlangh tawh ki ettheih hizen leh ih etnoploh na meel kithei lo hizen! Himah leh dinmun niamlualai mah taleng, Khantoh theihna ding lampi tampi tak omta hi. Lungkia lo in mainawt sawm ni.Bangbang hileh Sangkah na hanciam photphot dih un. Laitheilote in zong sinsin leh theithei buang uh hilo hiam? Naupangte ahai hilo! Sangkah zomhoh leng ahoihding hi.

Nute-Pate aw “Neek khat bek ngaihsun lo in Tate Sangkahsak ding mah Thupi ngaihsut sak tek ni.” Pilna sin laitak hong su-nawngkai thei khempeuh peel phot in. Sanggamte aw pilsin laitak lawmngaih zong kidophuai hiveen maw.  Pilna sin hun om cih phawkhuai mah a, Pilna deih taktak te aa’din Pilna sin ding Kum ciangtanloh ding hi. Nu leh Pa hong deihsakna khawng zangkhial kha ke’n. Lawm hoihlo peel in. Puansilh khawng tawh buai se ke’n. Na kisap pilna ngah masa phot lecin Puansilh hoih in na khan sung hong suulzuih ding hilel hi. Laikung leh Tuzum, Tupeek koi teelzaw ding ih hiam? Tuzum, Tupeek tawi maizumhuailo a, tuabek semthei hihkhakding dahhuai cih daan hi.

Computer hun hita a, Midangte Siavuan pension, Engineer pension; Inspector pension, Galkap Bo pension; MP pension …etc hita aa… Ei zong hong kideihlo hi tuanlo pi ee! Na tanu zong Siavuan/Doctor cih khawng asuakthei vetlo ding khawng sa ke’n.

Tapate bek hi lo in Tanute zong College/Sangkah sak ta in, kisiiklo ding hi hang. Mo ding mipil adeihte’n Tanute zong mipil di’n pantah in Sang kikah sak ciatciat ta hi. “Minam It ing” nacihnop leh Tate Sangkah muibun ding’n lampi maan tawnsak pah in la, amau’ khantohna ding a khaktan mi hikha kei’n. Amaute zong College kahnuam ta ei!

Gam Makai, Gamnu, Gampa asuaknuam Naupangnote aw “Tu Ni Na Hun Manpha Hi!”

Hun manpha mahmah hi. Kumpipa in zong Nikhat in Nai 24 val ngahtuanlo a, akibangkim in Pasian in Nitaang leh Guahtui hongpia hi. Hamsiat tuamdeuh neisese lo in Nai 24 hong pia kim hi veen, en’ bang ci zeek cih pen thupi ding hi. Naupangte aw Nulepa, ulehnaute hanciampihna tawh Sangkahtheih hun pen “Hun Hoih, Hun Nuam” hi. Tua hun na zatkhialh khak zenzen leh maw, Nang nuntakna bek ahaksa ding hilo in na kiim leh paam aa omte tung ah noptuam-hamphatna bawlnuampipi abawlzolote hihding pen kimukholthei ahihman in “Tu Ni Hunhoihte Zatsiam kisin in, Pilsinna masak dih ni”. Kisiikluat a-omlo ding gamtat luheek pen “Tu Ni” bangcizat, bangci zat ding? cih thu hi. LST in “Na khangno lai in nang hong piangsakpa phawk in. Pilna sin in”. Mipil hongsuah ding hi hong ciden hi veen…  Deihsakna tak tawh hong kihilhthute zuihsiam kisinkul hi. “Na khangnolai in lungduaina kisin le cin hoih pen hi” hong ci lai hi.

VI. AGRICULTURAL BACKGROUND:

Lokhawh Singpuak pen ki hanciam mahmah ciat na pi’n “Ankhing kham ung” aci-ngam kitam nai meello zel hi. Ahang in Kum 1 nasep pen kha 5 pan kha 10 sung kikhom bek ahihman-in antaw dinmun ah kitung thei zel mawk hi. Khangluite hunlai khawng akigenciang in Kum 1 asep uh kum 2, Kum 3 bang khomthei uh ahihman-un tuabangte “Ankhing Kham” naci uh a, tuhunciang in Gam kimothalzial zel ahihman-in ki genthei ciat hi.

Ankung ciindaan zong kheel in Ankungte atung baih ding leh atunghak ding cih bang in kilaih diamdiam ding in ciing dih ni. Mehteh mehgah pen kha 3 sung in neekphat ahihman-in sephuai zaw hi.Vaimin leh Buhlei bulphuhte’n zong Mehlei lamsang maban thak lungngaihhuai mahmah ta ding ihcihiam? Singno suan ding tha kipia ciat ni. A susia thei ganhingte kep ding thupi ding hi. Thuhilhkikna 20:19, 20 ah “… heizatna tawh asingkungte na susia kei ding uh hi. Gamlak aa om singkungte in note’ sukgawp ding in na gal uh ahihiam? … na zat ding un neek ding aa kizang lo singkung hi, ci-a na theih teng bek uh susia in na phuuk thei ding uh hi” ci lai hi. Tuanpupate’n hih thute na zui uhi.

Theikung, Haikung hawi bek lo in suantuah zelzel ni. Eisep theih pen Singno suan hi a, khangsak in agahsak pen Pasian nasep cih phawk gige ni. Pu Phut Thang’ Tute ihizong, Suante Behkhangnote mahmah in zong Neektheih Singkungte suanthuah zeel ni. Lamdung ah Haikung, Singpi kungte… zong suan hi leng neektheih ding hong om ding a, Ahlai! Hite, Nuntak gimnam uh ei. Eizong hicih leng himawk lo hiam? kici ding uh hi.

Khangthak nasep daan, Mehlei bawldaan; Tuidum leh Ekleidum bawldaan tawh mehciindaante kan in, Mehlei Huan bawl lecin Bazar pai phatuam bek hilo in eimau’ ciin neekna pan Cidamna kingah zaw hi. Saneek-dending ahaksat kawmkaal ah Mehteh, Mehgah leh Singgah namcin neekna hoihzaw thampek cih phawk den in. Eklei zaa pen neekdingte piase ke’n. Neek ding tatak pen Singtehmuak leh Gan-eek bek piak ding hi.

Vantung pan Guahtui leh Daitui tawh apiang Ankungte leh Singgahte ahihkeileh Tui Siangtho tawh ki khangsakte neekhuai pen hi. Pasian’ bawlsa na khempeuh itsiam in la, suksiat ding lamsang ah kihel seke’n. Pasian in abawlsa khempeuh “Akibang in It” cih phawk in la, Pasian’ Itte pen Itsawm lecin na ma hong vangzaw kha thei ding hi. Vasano khawng zong laaksawm dah in. Akhankhitteh neek cing zaw ding hilo hiam? Gtn: Gam aaknokai bang pen namat gaihsawm sang in hong khang phot leh agolciang in zong “Nang aa’ mah hilel hiveen” Neektaaknailopi pen api, ano in huaimang ding kilawmlo hi.

Amau zong nungta nuam uh hi. Vasano na laak leh api tawh matkhop sawm ngeivet ke’n. Pasian in deihlo hi. Tua mun ah “Nang diin kibulh lecin bangzah in khasiathuai hiam?” Vantung pan Nitaang, Meeikaai, Guahtui leh Huih Siangtho ngahkhawmte vive ihiman in khat leh khat kihehpihtheih ding ahihi. Naupangte zong hibang daan thupilte theisak ni.

VII. PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND:

Pu Phut Thang’ tute pen Philosophy kici Thungaihsut tawm theihna lamsang kiniamtuan hetlo napi’n mi lak ah ih kiheltohsuak zawhnailohna khat in Sangkah khawlbaihlua ihihman zong hikha thei mai ding hi. Ngaihsut siam pilna Pasian hongpiaksa hi-a, ih sin, ih muh, ihzak, ih theih khat peuh ahoihzaw ding in ih geel theih ban ah aomnailo khat zong ngaihsuttawm theih pilna tawh geelkhiathei hilo ih hihiam? Pianpih pilna pen Pasian hongpiaksa Pilna hipah a, Sintawm pilna tawh akopte’n Lawhcinpih hi.

Greek mipilte, Mikang mipilte, Chinese mipilte cih khawng zong apilsa in asuak omlo aa, laisinna: pilsinna tung tawn in thungaihsut tawmtheihna aneite uh picingsak uhi. Thungaihsut tawmtheih Pilna cihciang in Pianpih pilna tawh kop in Tuanpupate hun pan tuni dong mah khangthu dungzui mailam khantohtheihna ding ngaihsutna tawh thupil: thugil kihilhciannate zong kihel pah hi. A hunzui lungsimpuak kikheelkheel khangnote in ngaihsuttawmpilna tungtawn in manawtsiam ding leh thungaihsunlote sang in thungaihsun theite pen apil:asiam:ateizawte hihamtang uhi.

Pu Phut Thang pan Kum 250 huamsung ah khang 7 val bang paikhinta hinapi’n Inn 100 kipha nailo a, khua tuamtuam ah om ih hihman in akimu ngeinailo bang kitam hi. Tua ban ah Pilsinna pan mi hong theihpih. Secular Degree ngah pen khutmeekuaini ci leng cing zonailo lai zen ding hi. Ngaihsut phat huai, ki sawlhuai mai ding hilo hiam?

Phung sung ah khat leh nih pil, khat leh nih hauh bek hitheinailo a, apilkim, ahaukim, aneikim, akideihsak kim hih ding lunggulh pha ni. Biakna Pawlpi kibatlohna, Neih leh lam pilna siamna ban ah Min leh zaa kikimlohna cih bangte khempeuh sang in Sisan kinaina bulphuh zaw thei hi leng, kuaman hong simmawh ngamlo ding a, koikoi ihtung zong U leh nau Itna tawh kipanpih diamdiam theihna in Minam Itna tawh nuntakna hipah lian a, Mi abawl Pasian itna leh ama’ thuzui mi taktak hihna zong ahihi.

Hih LST mun pen Tuanpupate’n azuihden uh Lampi: Pu Phut Thang’ Tute lampi ahihi. Amau’ hunlai khawng in Khristian cih bang omseselo hitamah leh Khristian Nuntakna tawh kituak linlian in na nungta thei uh a, nekhawm dawnkhawm in diamdiam uh hi. Khangthak hun ah zong hih bang ngaihsutna hoih tawh nuntakkhop diamdiam theihna lampi mah zuizom suak ding in hanciamkhawm tek ni.

VIII. CULTURAL BACKGROUND:

Zomi hihna tawh Zongeina kineiciat a, Pu Phut Thang’ Tute sung nopna, dahnate ah ahun, amun leh mual zui-in zatdaan kibang tampi kinei hi. Christian Biakna zuih khit Zuhai, Sabakhawmnate tampi tak kizang nawnlo na pi’n ngeina hoih tampi tak kizanglai veve hi. Gtn: Pu Zukholh pen Pute kiang ah Thungetcialna in kizang a, Khuado Pawi pen Innkuan Anneekkhopna in kinei hi.

Zoniik, Zopuante silh in Zo Minam Ni bawlkhop hunciang in Pu Phut Thang’ tute pen Zomi Bup tawh kibang in alungdam khawm, alaamkhawmtheite kihi a, dahna leh dahhuaithute a omciang in adahkhawmte ihihban ah Minam min tawh sep leh bawl ding a omteh a semkhawmtheite ihihi. Christian hihna tawh Zozu kizangh nawnlo a, tua taang in Niangtui leh Moh kizangh zaw hi. Unau sung ah Niangtui azanghlo pawl zong ki om aa, hihneihna khat peuh ah Bawngnawikang sung ah Kaaphi leh Niangteh khahloh tawh lungkimthei bilbel in gennoplel uhi. Sagawh ciang in asisan paihkhiat hamtang ding leh Sisan sung ah Nuntakna om acihmahbang in tua Sisan tawh huankhoplohding hipah hi.

Mopina leh Mopawi bawlna pen Lai Siangtho kibulphuh deuh hi. Kiteenna … Naumin phuahna, Naumin aapnate pen Zongeina leh Biakna tawn in kibawlkhawm zel hi. Ngeina hoih sung pan Lai Siangtho tawh kituak in zatkoptheih ding tampi mah om cih phawkhuai hi. Pasian’ thu tawh kituak khollo ngeina hoihlote peuhmah pelhding hita hi.

IX. PSYCHOLOGiCAL BACKGROUND:

Zomi hihna leh Genzo’ Tute hihna tawh Pu Phut Thang’ suan leh khakte Lungsim puakzia pen Zogam leh Zomi Itna neite ahihban ah Pasian zahtaakna tawh mainawt ding lunggulh in hanciam uh hi. A tamzaw Lokho mi hilel napin amau’ lungsim ngaihsutnate pen midangte saantheih tampi ki-om bilbel hi. Tuanpupate lungsimpuakzia tungtawn in deihsakna tak tawh thukihilhnate pen tunidong in Pilna suak hikhathei ding hi cin aciamteh zong om uh a, kampau kidawmciat uh hi. Unau thukihilhcianna lamsang leh veengte tawh kihotheihna zong thupi sak in Nampi lungsim puakzia tawh mainawt ding kisin zel uh hi. Thungaihsutna lamsang leh thu kikupdiamdiamna tawh lawhcin ngahkhopna lamsang pen kisinden kullai cihding hi.

Pu Phut Thang’ tute pen hunlap in thuphawktheite mah hi hong kici-a, ahizong alungsimpuak bang un lungkim tak sepkhiat theihna anei naikei uh hi. Na hoih sep ding thei na pi, septheihna ding thuneihna a-neihnailoh uh ban ah Sum leh paai, Neih leh lamh kicing nai ta kei leh Gam leh Minam aa’ding’n “Na Hoih Sem Nuam” in alungsim sung uh ah naupaai abangliang khangthakte ki-om kawmkawm ta hi. Tuailai khangthak momnote in pilsun hun in Pilna limtak sin un la, gam leh nam aa’din na hihtheihna ciattek uh tawh “Nahoihsemte” hong hita un. Tuanpupate Lungsimpuak hoihte langhsak thei dingte leh Eimau’ tung tawn in Zo Gam khantohna ding ngaihsutna hoih neiciat ni.

X. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND:

Nisim Anneek Tuidawn Siangtho, Innkuan sumlutna ding sumzon sumzuaknate! Pu Phut Thang tute pen neek leh dawn lam ah kikhangto naihetlo cileng kikhiallo ding hi. Singgah lamsang, Benam leh Mehteh Mehgah lamsang tamneekna in sanekden sang in cidamhuai zaw hi. Tuisingtho leh Huihsiangtho angah mun ah tending hioh a, mihing kisap bulpi zong tuate mah nahipah hi.Pumpi thagolsakthei Vitamin om annamteneek ding thupi ngaihsut huai hi. Vaimin leh gataam pen Zomite aading’n an hoih ahihi.

Sumzonna siangtho tawh hauhna in khangkikhom hauhna piangsak zo bek a, tawisuangmaan zatna in Pasian’ deihna ahihi. Hauhpaknopna lungsim tawh nasemte eengkha ke’n. Kumpi deih sumzonna leh Pasian’ deih khantohna pen kinaizaw hamtang thei hi. Thupil khat in agenna ah “Government Work is God’s Works” ciliang ahihmah bang in Kumpi nasepna sung ah kihel in Nasep lut ding zong thupi ngaihsuthuai veve hi.NGO kipawlna tuamtuam tawh kop in khantohtheihna ding nasep siamleng hoih ding hi.

LST hong hilh mah bang nuntakna siangtho tawh nuntak ding hanciam ciat tek zaw ni. Numei-Pasal vai ah ahizong in, Kampau-Gamnatnate ah ahizong in kuama simmawhlohna ding ngaihsun ciat ni. Khanghamte thudot ding leh zahtakpiaksiam kisin ciat ni. Midangte haksatnate zong theihsiamkul a, aneilo tatakte zong huhkul thei zel hi.

Sanggam Ki-itna & Minam Itna tawh huhtuakte huhthei in panpihsiam ding kisinciat ni.

CONCLUSION:

Sanggamte aw, PhutThangNet pen kuamah deidannopna hilo a, Pu PhutThang’ tute Thukizakna: Nop Ni, Dah Nite ah Mual leh guam kaantan in tanglai hun pek pan Thukin a-omsial in a kizasak, khual gamla nangawn ah akiphatanghtangh laiteng in Pulehpate khekhaapzuihna hi-a, nathakphuan kihituanlo, khangmasate mabanzopna khat ahihman in khangthakte’n zong hanciamhawm tek ni.

Suangphut Resarch & Media leuleu pen Pu PhutThang’ piannna mintap Pupi Suangphut Minpua in Research bawlna hi-a, Eimau’ utna tawh kiheltawm in hanciam tak semkhawm ni. Member lut masa peuh ahampha hipah hi. Genzo suanh, Suante Beh leh Leitungbup Zomi Innkuan sung dong ah Suangphut Reseach & Media maban tawh ih kihel masak pen na zong hitheikha ding a, Pu PhutThang’ tute khempeuh in thupi ngaihsut ciat in Mimal, Unau; Innkuan in hanciamna tek tawh mapangkhawm tek ni. Hih pen U leh nau, Gam leh Nam itna tawh malaakna hi-a, Zolai vive tawh kigelhphot hi.

Research bawl ding tampi om a, “Work Together, Shine Together” I bulphuh mah bang in sepkhoptheihdingte semkhawm ni. Mimalhanciamna akuulte zong hanciamtak in septheihbangbang sepding, kipiakhiatna tak tawh sepding thupi ding hi. Ei’ tangthu pen eimau’ kin keimawk leng, midangte’n hong kinsak zenzen mawk ding hiam? Khangthakte in nasepnopna lungsim ih neihnaak leh Lai nasep, lai kaihkhop leh laihawmna cihte Media lamsang limlim sephuai tampi om cih phawk ni.

Tulaitak in Lai Thupite leh Laihawm tuamtuam (PHUTTHANGNET) hawmkhiat zawhna ding in piakkhiatna tawh mapangnuamte aa’ding in zong kiheltheihna ding mun tampi aawnglai hi. Fund kiciantak kikaikhawmnailo aa uthun peuh in laihawmnopte deih hunpeuh in kihawmzonaihetlo himah leh Internet pan deih bang in ettheihdin kikoih hi.

HTTP://PHUTTHANGNET.BLOGSPOT.COM & HTTP://SUANGPHUTNET.BLOGSPOT.COM

Pu Phut Thang’ tute in Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther leh Timothy’ pi Lois bang daan “Makai Hoih” tampi ih kisampha hi. Nang zong na kiphaal diam?

Eimau’ deihsakna tek tawh nasephanciamkhawm tek ni. Topa’ Thupha maw, Shalom.

References:

1. Lunmual Khua Tangthu (Kum 100 cin Hunbawlhopna), Lunmual, 1998 April 17-19.
2. Pu Ngul Khua Thang’ Zokhangciaptehna Laibu, Tedim, 1970-1977.
3. Pu Ngul Khua Thang’ Laibu: Suante Beh Tuanpupate Khangciaptehna, 1970.
4. “TUANPUPATE ZOLADAWNG PHUAHTE”  pan Pi Chin Niing Late, Lunmual-Philnak khuasatna Tangthu tom ciaptehna laidalte pan muhkik pawlkhat.
5. “PHUTTHANG INNKUAN LAIBU” (Unpublished Copy), 2012, Tedim.
6. Ngin Suan, “KAALZANG SUANTE BEH KHANGTANGTHU LEH KHANGSIMNA”, 1078, Tedim.
7. Langh Go Kap, Pa. “PU GENZO KHANGTANGTHU LEH KHANGSIMNA LAIBU”, 2011, Kalaymyo.
8. “PU LUAHLANGH BAWNGH KHANGCIAMTEHNA LAIBU”(Unpublished Copy), AD.2000,Tedim.
9. ThuamZaChin, Pa & Rev. PumKhanNang (Zomi Encyclopedia), “GENZO KHANG CIAMTEHNA LAIBU” (Unpublished Copy), 2012, Tedim.
10. PHAILENG KHUA TANGTHU: ZOMI ENCYCLOPEDIA (Unpublished Copy), 1991, Tangthu kaikhawmte: Pu ZenKhanCin, Pu NgulHehNang & ZE (Rev.PumKhangNang, Tedim).
11. LUNMUAL KHUA TANGTHU: ZOMI ENCYCLOPEDIA’ Unpublished Copy, 1990 & Revised in 1998 by Rev. PumKhanNang, Tedim). Consultants: Pu SianZaThang, Rev. CinPau, Pu ThualGo, Pu ThualKhanDal, Pu NengZaSut, Sia KhupKhanTung: Lunmual, Tedim Tsp).
12. LALTA (PHILNAK) KHUA TANGTHU: Zomi Encyclopedia’ Unpublished Copy, 1990). Consultants: Pu ZenKhanCin’ Lai, Rev. LuaiGoThang, Pu DaiHehNang: Philnak, 1990).
13. MUIZAWL KHUA TANGTHU: Zomi Encyclopedia (Unpublished Copy, 1989-1990). Consulttants: Hausa DalZaKhai, Pu GinDoLian, Pu ZenKhanThang, Pu KapKhanThang, Muizawl & Siapi ThangSuanDal (Keizang), Tedim Tsp).
14. TUILANGH KHUA TANGTHU: Zomi Encyclopedia’ Unpublished Copy, 1990 by Rev. PumKhanNang, Muvanlai Literature, Tedim. Consultants: Sia ThangSuanMung, Pu KhualGo, Pu VumZaGin, Pu KhamZaLangh, Siapi TuanCin … Tuilangh, Tedim Tsp.)
15. Carey, Bertram S. & Tuck, H.N. “THE CHIN HILLS”, Vol. II. First Print 1896.  Reprinted & Published in 1976 by Firma KLM Private Limitted, Culcutta-700012 on behalf of Tribal Research Institute, Aizawl, Mizoram. Rf: Ciimnuai – p. 8, PhaiLeng – p.10; Saizang – p. 11, Kaptel – p.15, Mwelyaul (Mualzawl) – p 16.

Thudot Pupite:

1. PU KHUALKHUATHANG: Pu K.K.Thang in Pu Phut Thang’ Tute Tangthute Pa ThuamZaChin tung ah ageenna bang… 1968, Tedim.
2. PU NGULKHUATHANG: Pu N.K.Thang in Tuanpupate Tangthu akanna tungtawn in Kaalzang pan Pu Phut Thang’ makaihsiamna tawh Ciimnuai ah Tuidim ding inakipaipah ahihna thute, Mualzawl khuasatna thu(1869), Lunmual khuasatna thu(1896), Philnak(1920) khuasatna Tangthute Khangham thuciamtehtheite genna aciaptehnate uh agensawnkikna leh midangte hongciaptehdaan akitheilaisunte ngah bangbang gawmtuahna.
3. PU GINDOLIAN: Pu TuangNeng’ Innkuante Muizawlte asuahna tawh kisai Muizawl khua khanghamte sung pan Pu Gin Do Lian(Gualnam) in Muizawl khua ah Suante Beh alutna Pu TuangNeng pan Pu Bel Thual leh Pu On Khualte unau tangthu  hong gen bangbang!

PHUTTHANGNET 

E-mail: phutthangnet@gmail.com 

SUANGPHUT RESEARCH & MEDIA                                                       

E-mail:  suangphut@gmail.com

Source: SUANGPHUT RESEARCH & MEDIA.

Interview with PS Haokip, President, Kuki National Organisation (KNO)

Eimi Times in Kum 28 lhingta/upa Kuki Thingnoi gamvah kiloikhomna 17 kikhaikhomna Kuki National Organisation(KNO) lamkai luboh PS Haokip anakimupi’n Centre government in KNO toh Suspension of Operation (SoO) kum 1 suhsaobena ding’a Soikai dia akoulouna chung thu, 5th Hill District Council Election 2015 a State Govt. po Congress Political Party atosotnau thu leh Centre Govt. in KNO kihoupi ding’a koulou’a akoi thu hoa thudoh kibol holeh donbutna anei thuguol cheng hi mipi hetdin ahung kitahlang’e.

Eimi times (ET): Kuki National Organisation hi kum 28 upa ahitan, kum 28 sung Kuki ho Zale’n nadi Gaal manchah choiya nahin sat uhin India kivaihop naoiya Kuki ho ading’a iepi phatchom na kimu hitam? iepi jeh’a KNO in Movement anei Zale’n-gam, Kuki Land, Kuki State hi tulai’a kimin phahpoh lou’a um ham? KNO in State mu nading’a Govt. toh kihou ngai ahi natiuva Centre Govt. toh 2005 kum’a SoO nahin lah kal uhi kum 10 alhing tan hiche phatsung’a Kuki Sepai (Army) ho State mu nading’a Gaalvon kichoiya Gaal kap ding hon iepi atoh uva/ akikul khum naova anam mite ho adia iepi phatchom na tohdoh anei u vem?
PS Haokip (PS): KNO in kum 28 sung hin NSCN(IM) te jong Kuki te chung a agalbol uh asu thip un; Kuki nam sung a neocha cha kitha jing na jong tampi asuthip in Kuki te pule pa thinglhang leh dam leh phaicham gam ah cham na alen sah tan ahi.

KNO Movement Zale’n-gam tah tah hung soh vah ding in aum tai. Ajh chu Kuki te leh sopi 23 jen KNO ten ahin khomtup mai mai tai, hiho chu Kuki, Mizo (Lushei), Chin, Kachin, Karbi, Bodo, Kachari, Heimi, Nahen, Para, Makury, Lainau, Naowa, Singpho, Konyak, Zeliangrong, Rongmei, Inpui, Kabui, Khimnungan, Yimchunger, Phomand Mishing. Hiche sopi ho hi thakhat na kimatchet na iechen khom piu Northeast India, North and Northwest Mynmar (Burma), Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh chuleh Jingpho (Kachin) te Yunnan province China chen geija cheng khom iehiu ve. Hiche sopi chengse pi hin Kuki sopi ahiu akipah cheh un; Chavang Kut 2014 chun Moreh ah kipah tah in phachom pi ahung un, aban Kholmun ah tukum 29 January 2015 ah iki khom kit un ahi. Hiche khompi lentah ni kichai jou tuhin, nam lentah tah 6 akimu ben hiho chu Nagaland a Phom, Khimnungan chuleh Yimchunger ahiu vin; Assam a Bodo, Kachari leh Mishing ahiu ve. Mishing ho hi Arunachal Pradesh gei acheng lut un ahiu ve. Tuhin muntin na sopi cheng hin Chavang Kut 2015 bolkit ding athanop nau eihin thot jing un; hijeh hin mipi iethau anop leh Churachandpur Peace ground a 3 (three) days programme sem ma man kit ding hi niseh nisim japi aowgin ahi tan, Imphal MR ah manta pou te! Churachandpur ah Mang tau te! Ti ahi jeh chun Chavang Kut Committee aki form pan kit tai.

ET: Congress Govt. vaihop nanoiya Centre leh State ah SoO KNO in nalah kal’u kum 10 lhing ahitan, kum 10 sung Congress Govt. vaipoh nanoiya SoO Group aum KNO/UPF Political Dialogue, Talk la iema umlou’a Congress Govt. in kum 10 nahin lhep chat vei nung va, KNO in Political Party Congress I akon’a iepi kinep na nanei va, 5th Hill District Council Election 2015 ah Hill district ah Political Party Congress natosot u ham? Political Party INC ho akon’a Kuki State mu nading um nalai ham? Manipur Chief Minister in Independent day nikho 2013 kum achun Kuki te demand Kuki State hi nisa lhumlam akon sohdoh jong leh kipelou di, amulou diu ahi Kuki State anati naban’a kum 5 sung MP toukit ding’a KNO/UPF in nasotdoh u Pu.Thangso Baite MP Outer in SoO Group um ho achesa kum 5 sung’a Parliament tou na Kuki State amin phah khah em?
PS: Kum som sung hin KNO ten Pathen kithopi na tampi iemu un Pathen in sopi athah 22 chengse toh kihetmat na phat phatah eipeu vin, hiche phat pha kum 10 Congress ten eipeh jal un kakipana kaphong eh kati ahi. Leiset chung a hi chih na a khat le khat kiki tet or kiki lhem to mong ahin Congress te chung ah kalung hang chom poi, koi in joh koi ajo ham? Achai naleh kive naute kati hi chume.

Manipur CM in 2013 Independent Day nikho ama thusei nasei jong chu adih eh, ajeh chu ama peh thei ahi poi. MP pan jong SoO group ho ding representation Prime Minister apeh jong copy khat eina pen chuleh Parliament a jong asei ji ahi nai, Pathen in eiho ding phat agon lhung jep lou ahi.

ET: Election Politics thu’a KNO in BJP atosot lou jeh’a SoO naneipeh lou’u hiham KNO? Centre Govt. leh KNO kikah’a SoO kaile kailou chu pathen thu himai hen natin, tudin mun ah jong SoO Group nahi tapo vin, Designated Camp naneihou dalhah di nati lou u ham? Centre in SoO sukai dia KNO ahin koudi kinep na nanei nalai u ham?
PS: MDC Election kon chun BJP lamkai hon MDC candidate se BJP ticket lahsah in, chutileh BJP ten Interlocutor appoint kabolpeh diu dialogue kapat pi diu ahi ahung tiu ahi. Keiman kadonbut na chu Kuki mipite ajeh neilou vin KNO ding bou gel nan or keimaho phatchom na ding mai mai ding in pui le pong kate. Congress a kon na BJP kakhel ding nadei juleh BJP ten Manipur thinglhang gamsung ah 6th Schedule tu a pat implement kiboldiu ahi tai ti, phongdoh masau vin, chute ahi vangleh BJP a kakhel sah diu ahi kana ti ahi. Hinlah BJP ten hichu hahsa asah jeh un party abang bang in achen hijeh a chu SoO eikaipi lou vu himaithei ahi. Hinlah KNO ten Congress hihen BJP hijong leh Support tum akinei chom poi. India government amahon a represent uh ahi jeh a chamna a umthei na ding a Government po pen pen sei sei a ki um ahi joi.

Pathen thu himai hen kati na pen chu kalungdon man a kasei hilouvin Pathen in Manasseh chate nahiuve Zale’n-gam kapeh diu ahi tai tia eihetsah uh toh kilhon a aphot chetsahna a Kuki sopi nam 22 athah eipeh beu ho jala kasei ahi.

Designated camp kanei hou hi Centre government leh state chuleh Indian Army toh kinopto na ahi. BJP ten dalhau vin ati ngamlou diu ahi. Nahet diu chu MOLTUH Chandel a Indian Sepay 18 athi chun ajeh pen last chu NSCN (K) ten Cease-fire abrogate abol jeh peh uh ahi jeh chun last chun Prime Minister in Home Minister question aboltan ieti dan na ceasefire abrogate nabolsah uh ham? Tin doh chil na anei tan news ah iena mucheh un ahi. Chuban in KNLF cam designated camp chu akilahdoh jeh a gambeh ong ta hiche mun na kon na Galguh bolho hung a Moltuh a ambush tou va sepia 18 thi chu mitin het ahi. Chuti ahileh KNO designated camp hijat pi vacate akibol leh Khaplang leh aloihon muntin KNO dalhah na ho a kon na hung sunglhau va India sepia muntin na ambush abolthei ju ahi.

Hichu India government tijatah ahiu jong nahet tha diu ngai ahi. Hijeh chun India government in tutah a KNO te ieti nama jongleh SoO kaipi lou va akoi lou ding chujongleh Camp dalhau vin ati lou diu ahi. Tu naicha jong chu Police leh Army hon designated camp jouse angai ngai in verification aga bol jing un ahi.

ET: Centre Govt. in KNO ho tunichen’a SoO suhsao ah Suikai ding’a kou na ahin aneilou u, KNO noiya Arms wing 17 ho’a Kuki Army nachapang hotoh maban’a iepi toh gon nanei ah iepi lampi’a Kuki Army holeh Na nam mipi ho puidi nati hi tam? Oleh Gaal manchah suging’a Indian sepai dou pat ding nati ji chu pat ding tohgon nanei hitam?
PS: KNO te strategy hi achombeh ahi bouve. Kuki te leh iesopiu nam 23 hin kingailut na khao dettah a Pakai Pathen kikan khom masat sah ding kigong masa ahi. Iechen nau iegam mu chu Northeast India, Yunnan Province China, North and North West Burma and Chittagong Hill Tract of Bangladesh ahi. Hiche ie position uh ahoi dan hi India ten ahin hatchet teng uhleh Kuki state lentah tunia iechen nau Manipur toh ahin jopmat diu chu Nagaland a 5 (five) Tribes, Assam a 4 (four) Tribes chuleh Arunachal Pradesh a 2 (two) Tribes ho chenna se Kuki state a eihin phondoh peh diu anailam tai. Ajeh chu Arunachal Pradesh jong China ten ahin chu phat a India Government in gangtah a Indian State khat a aphondoh jeng ahi; amahon state thumlou ahiu ve. China ten ahin suhling teng uhleh seitam lou vin Kuki State hung chomdoh tah tah kati mai je. Hiche jong chu avaigei beu leh Zale’n-gam ietiu pau hin alhun den diu ahi.

India government keima hileng chunga kasei state li a Kuki te chenna se Kuki state a ka recognized loi ding chuteng Kuki te sopi chenna China, Burma leh Bangladesh mun se Kuki te India mi ahi jeh un asopi teu chen na se India hiding ahi katia kachu ding chutia chu Indian Territorial expansion policy a Kaman chah ding ahi. Hinlah kamu dan in India te hi a ngongkai (slow) kasa behset un laplou lapmah in ahin lap diu, Kuki Zale’n-gam joh hung pengdoh loi ding in a um tan ahi.

ET: Manipur thinglhang thingnoi gamvah kiloikhom naho’a lamkai luboh hon akam va apotsah jing u, ajui lou’a akoi jeng u khat “Unity” kiti hi ahin, iepi jeh’a Kuki Thingnoi ho Unity min aphah thei uleh “Unity” aum thei lou ham? Itih leh Unity dihtah chu ahin pohdoh va, Thingnoi hojouse Unity ahi ta dem?
PS: Kuki nam ding gelkhoh lou va eima phatchom na joh iekhohsah laiseu vin kipumkhat na umpon te. Kuki sung a nam natong lunggel theidom se KNO a kiki loikhom ahi tai. Tupet a angaicha chu nam 23 ho kiloikhom ding bou thupi ahin, Manipur a sopi umkhom se se kiloi khom tei tei ding ti thupi ahi tapoi. Pathen vet dan a hi Manipur a umse hi khat iehi bou un, eimaho kitumsah jal hin sopi khat iehi nau chuleh ichen nau igam leiset uh su khen thei chom pou vinte,ti katahsen tai.

ET: British mikang ho noiya Kuki milui hon malcha leh thingkhu, suongtum ah Zale’n gaal ana sat thei uleh, KNO Organisation noiya Arms wing 17 hon Zale’n-gam Movement chepiu va, Galmanchah India Army choisang’a hoijo kining lhingsel leh Kuki Army lhingset ah nanei u ahin, na Movement u Zale’n-gam chu gaalman chah’a nophat hitalou ham? Army naneihon galmanchah toh Zale’n-gam Movement chu hinno uhen lang thu lela seidi hon aseiphat u hitalou ham? KNO Orgaisation in Zalen gaal kap nading’a kigottup na avat e natiu nalai ham? Oleh molbong lou’a gulthi hen natiu ham?

PS: Kaneo a pat kathilbol khat hi alolhin thei na ding a mun tampi or lampi tampi a kitup tah a jotei tei ding a kabol ji ahi. Hijeh a chu ZoRO min na Mizo leh Chin, Manasseh min na Kachin te Khaplang te leh adang nam 22 ho toh det chet na kiloi khom na kasem lai tah ahi. Hiche sopi 30 val toh kitoh tah a iepan khom teng uhleh UNO chen na iethu uh kikhangsang ding ahi tan India leh Burma/Myanmar ho sophah hitapon te.

- Interviewed by Lalboi Gangte | Published in Eimi Times date July 5, 2015 issue