INDIA IN suahtaakna amuh kum 1947 in India ah leenggam lian leh neu 562 om hi. Mangkang kumpi in zaleenna a hon piak lai un hiai leenggamte tung a thuneihna a piakkhiak louh bang un tua leenggamte kiang ah zaleenna leng ape tuan kei uhi.Tua leenggamte’n India hiam ahihkeileh Pakistan hiam a utpenpen uh zom a belh thei diing in deihteelna piak in om uhi. Sardal Vallabhbhai Patel leh a secretary V.P.Menonte’ panlaakna leh lemgeelna ziak in Junagarh, Hyderabad leh Jammu and Kashmir chih louh siah in Indian Union a luutna diing in 1947 kum August 15 tan in Instrument of Accession ah suai kaai chiat uhi. The Political Advisor to the Viceroy, Conrad Corfield in bel hiai leenggamte’n amau-le-amau zaleenna kiphuan chiat le uh chih deih in ahasuan hi.
Leeng 562te kiang ah Instrument of Accession a suai kaih in thil thum-Defence,Foreign Affairs leh Communications chihte pen Indian Union’ thuneihna ah akoih a, huai loute ah bel bang tan hiam leengte’n thuneihna akineih diing uh ahi chiin thuchiam bawl ahi hi.Manipur leengpa’n zong India toh kikal ah 1947 kum August 11 ni in Standstill Agreement ah suai kaai a, hiai Agreement dungzui in subject thum-defence, external affairs leh communicationte ban ah ancillary subject 15te pen India kumpi kiang ah pekhia(surrendered) hi. Indirect a thuneih a vaihawm sang a direct a Manipur vaihawm leh thuneihkhum sawm ahihman in The Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947 nuai a kibawl elected Legislative Assembly, the Council of Ministers, the constitutional monarchy leh adangdangte pen Gov’t of India in ka theihpih(recognized)kei uh achihkhum uhi. Ahuchih ziak mah in 1949 kum September 21 ni in Shillong ah Meitei leengpa’n Merger Agreement ah suai kaai in Indian Union ah luutna bawl hi.
Junagard:
Junagarh pen Indian Union a luut ut tuan zok lou in 1948 kum December 31 ni in akiim a state khenkhatte toh kithubup leh kipawl in United State of Kathiwar hon bawlkhia uhi. Himahleh amipite’n Indian Union zom nuamzaw uh hia zom nuam lou chih theihna dia mipite’ deihteelna laakna dia plebiscite bawl a om dungzui in atamzawte’ deihna bang in Indian Union ah luutsak in om hi.
Jammu & Kashmir:
Hiai hun laitak a India leh Pakistan kikal a kitheihsiamna khat om bel India hiam Pakistan hiam a luut leh belh diing thu pen leengte’ thutanna bangbang ahi diing[Pakistan and India had agreed that the accession of a state should depend on the decision of the ruler]chih ahi hi.Jammu and Kashmir’ vaihawmtupa pen Hindu ahi a, Hyderabad’ vaihawmtupa bel Muslim ahi. 1941 census dungzui in Jammu and Kashmir ah 77% Muslim ahi ua, 20% Hindu ahih ban ah adangte Sikhs leh Buddhists ahi uhi.Jammu and Kashmir leengpa[Maharaja Hari Singh] in thutanna kichian bawl pah lou in India leh Pakistan gam nihte toh kikal ah Standstill Agreement suai akaai tuaktuak hi. Pakistan in Jammu and Kashmir pen Pakistan ah luutleh chih a deih luatna leh anohna in Rawalpindi akipan a niteng neek-le-taak-chii, singpitee, thautui, buh-le-baal puakluut khawlsak in anngawl a si phial a akoih nung un Pakistan kumpi’ fuih leh tawsawn in gamgi zuul a teeng singtangmite’n Kashmir a hong dou zawmah uhi. Srinagar lam nawt a gaal hong bawlte’n mi atuahtuah uh that in, mei a khuate uh haalsiatsak in, dawlte luh in mite’ neihsa lok in asuam uhi. Kashmir leengpa’n bitna diing zong in Jammu ah hong gaaltai a, huai akipan in India kumpi’ huhna angen hi. Indian Union a luut lou ahihman in Kashmir huh diing in India in a gaalkapte sawl mawk thei lou ahihdan hilh a hong om chiang in leengpa[Maharaja] in zong Indian Union a luutna diing in 1947 kum October 26 ni in suai hon kaai hi.Indian Union a luutna suai akaih zoh phet in India in zong Kashmir ah a sepaihte nawnluut pah in Srinagar leh Jammu phaizang a melmate teng a delhkhe zou vek pah ua, himahleh simtawp gamgi zuul leh mal-tum gamte pen Pakistante’ luahna(Pakistan Occupied Kashmir=POK)in om den hi.Indian Union a Jammu and Kashmir aluut pen Pakistan in a pom louh kia uh hilou in Kashmir gam a hong luah uh zong a pawtkhiaksan ut kei uhi. Tua ziak in 1948 kum in India in UN Security Council ah hiai thubuai a tun a, UN Security Council in 1948 August 13 ni a Resolution a bawl dungzui un India leh Pakistan kikal ah “Cease Fire Agreement” bawl in hong om hi [Hichi bang thute ziak in Jammu and Kashmir pen status tuam/sangpi a kikoih in, Constitution of India sung ah zong amau-le-amau ki-ukna diing liauliau atuam a bawlsak in Appendix ah The Constitution(Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 chiin kikoihsak hi].1949 kum January ni 1 in India leh Pakistan in kikaaptuahna khawl taktak diing in thukimna hon bawl uhi. UN Security Council in Jammu and Kashmir makhua diing pen plebiscite tungtawn in mipite’ deihteelna toh kituak in khensat hileh chi hi.Pakistan in aluahna gam(POK)akipan a agaalkapte a zuukkhiak chiang in plebiscite neih pat ahi diing chi a precondition bawl a om dungzui in tuni tan plebiscite neih ahi nai kei.
Hyderabad:
Hyderabad vaihawmtu(Nizam) pen Muslim ahih dungzui in India a belh sang in Pakistan toh kizop alunggulhzaw a, India leipeek huap sung a om ahih dungzui in kum khat sung daih diing in 1947 November 29 in Standstill Agreement ah suai akaai hi.1948 April kha in Hyderabad Radio ah,“India in Hyderabad a hong dou ngeingei aleh, Pathan sang tampite’n India adou diing” peuh chiin phuang hi. Adiktak in Hyderabad a Muslim sakhua a kuulmuut mahmah Raizakarte’n Pakistante’ huhna toh Independent Muslim state bawlkhiak a sawm uhi. Raizakarte’ makai Kasim Razvi in nasatak a mipite tokphuul in India a om Muslim crore 5 valte’n aginna/sakhua ziak un Hyderabad apanpih diing ua, India in hon dou ngeingei aleh Hyderabad a om Hindu crore khat leh alang omte thahgam ahih diing uh peuh chiin vau hi.Tua kia hilou in, Nizam in Pakistan akipan gaalvan tampi aleikhiak ban ah USA president kiang nasan ah panpihna ngen hi. India kumpi in a terms and condition bawl pen uh 1948 September 11 tan a azuih kei aleh sepaih thahatna zang diing ahihdan azasak hi.Achihsa bang in September 13 leh 17 ni in India sepaihte’n Hyderabad va luh in Nizam’ sepaihte akisurrendersak uhi. Kasim Razvi matkhiak a om in, a pawlpi(Raizakars) zong phiat in om hi.1950 kum January 26 ni in Indian Union ah Hyderabad luut a, huai state Governor( Rajpramukh) masapen diing in Nizam mah guan in om ngal hi.
Leeng 562te kiang ah Instrument of Accession a suai kaih in thil thum-Defence,Foreign Affairs leh Communications chihte pen Indian Union’ thuneihna ah akoih a, huai loute ah bel bang tan hiam leengte’n thuneihna akineih diing uh ahi chiin thuchiam bawl ahi hi.Manipur leengpa’n zong India toh kikal ah 1947 kum August 11 ni in Standstill Agreement ah suai kaai a, hiai Agreement dungzui in subject thum-defence, external affairs leh communicationte ban ah ancillary subject 15te pen India kumpi kiang ah pekhia(surrendered) hi. Indirect a thuneih a vaihawm sang a direct a Manipur vaihawm leh thuneihkhum sawm ahihman in The Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947 nuai a kibawl elected Legislative Assembly, the Council of Ministers, the constitutional monarchy leh adangdangte pen Gov’t of India in ka theihpih(recognized)kei uh achihkhum uhi. Ahuchih ziak mah in 1949 kum September 21 ni in Shillong ah Meitei leengpa’n Merger Agreement ah suai kaai in Indian Union ah luutna bawl hi.
Junagard:
Junagarh pen Indian Union a luut ut tuan zok lou in 1948 kum December 31 ni in akiim a state khenkhatte toh kithubup leh kipawl in United State of Kathiwar hon bawlkhia uhi. Himahleh amipite’n Indian Union zom nuamzaw uh hia zom nuam lou chih theihna dia mipite’ deihteelna laakna dia plebiscite bawl a om dungzui in atamzawte’ deihna bang in Indian Union ah luutsak in om hi.
Jammu & Kashmir:
Hiai hun laitak a India leh Pakistan kikal a kitheihsiamna khat om bel India hiam Pakistan hiam a luut leh belh diing thu pen leengte’ thutanna bangbang ahi diing[Pakistan and India had agreed that the accession of a state should depend on the decision of the ruler]chih ahi hi.Jammu and Kashmir’ vaihawmtupa pen Hindu ahi a, Hyderabad’ vaihawmtupa bel Muslim ahi. 1941 census dungzui in Jammu and Kashmir ah 77% Muslim ahi ua, 20% Hindu ahih ban ah adangte Sikhs leh Buddhists ahi uhi.Jammu and Kashmir leengpa[Maharaja Hari Singh] in thutanna kichian bawl pah lou in India leh Pakistan gam nihte toh kikal ah Standstill Agreement suai akaai tuaktuak hi. Pakistan in Jammu and Kashmir pen Pakistan ah luutleh chih a deih luatna leh anohna in Rawalpindi akipan a niteng neek-le-taak-chii, singpitee, thautui, buh-le-baal puakluut khawlsak in anngawl a si phial a akoih nung un Pakistan kumpi’ fuih leh tawsawn in gamgi zuul a teeng singtangmite’n Kashmir a hong dou zawmah uhi. Srinagar lam nawt a gaal hong bawlte’n mi atuahtuah uh that in, mei a khuate uh haalsiatsak in, dawlte luh in mite’ neihsa lok in asuam uhi. Kashmir leengpa’n bitna diing zong in Jammu ah hong gaaltai a, huai akipan in India kumpi’ huhna angen hi. Indian Union a luut lou ahihman in Kashmir huh diing in India in a gaalkapte sawl mawk thei lou ahihdan hilh a hong om chiang in leengpa[Maharaja] in zong Indian Union a luutna diing in 1947 kum October 26 ni in suai hon kaai hi.Indian Union a luutna suai akaih zoh phet in India in zong Kashmir ah a sepaihte nawnluut pah in Srinagar leh Jammu phaizang a melmate teng a delhkhe zou vek pah ua, himahleh simtawp gamgi zuul leh mal-tum gamte pen Pakistante’ luahna(Pakistan Occupied Kashmir=POK)in om den hi.Indian Union a Jammu and Kashmir aluut pen Pakistan in a pom louh kia uh hilou in Kashmir gam a hong luah uh zong a pawtkhiaksan ut kei uhi. Tua ziak in 1948 kum in India in UN Security Council ah hiai thubuai a tun a, UN Security Council in 1948 August 13 ni a Resolution a bawl dungzui un India leh Pakistan kikal ah “Cease Fire Agreement” bawl in hong om hi [Hichi bang thute ziak in Jammu and Kashmir pen status tuam/sangpi a kikoih in, Constitution of India sung ah zong amau-le-amau ki-ukna diing liauliau atuam a bawlsak in Appendix ah The Constitution(Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 chiin kikoihsak hi].1949 kum January ni 1 in India leh Pakistan in kikaaptuahna khawl taktak diing in thukimna hon bawl uhi. UN Security Council in Jammu and Kashmir makhua diing pen plebiscite tungtawn in mipite’ deihteelna toh kituak in khensat hileh chi hi.Pakistan in aluahna gam(POK)akipan a agaalkapte a zuukkhiak chiang in plebiscite neih pat ahi diing chi a precondition bawl a om dungzui in tuni tan plebiscite neih ahi nai kei.
Hyderabad:
Hyderabad vaihawmtu(Nizam) pen Muslim ahih dungzui in India a belh sang in Pakistan toh kizop alunggulhzaw a, India leipeek huap sung a om ahih dungzui in kum khat sung daih diing in 1947 November 29 in Standstill Agreement ah suai akaai hi.1948 April kha in Hyderabad Radio ah,“India in Hyderabad a hong dou ngeingei aleh, Pathan sang tampite’n India adou diing” peuh chiin phuang hi. Adiktak in Hyderabad a Muslim sakhua a kuulmuut mahmah Raizakarte’n Pakistante’ huhna toh Independent Muslim state bawlkhiak a sawm uhi. Raizakarte’ makai Kasim Razvi in nasatak a mipite tokphuul in India a om Muslim crore 5 valte’n aginna/sakhua ziak un Hyderabad apanpih diing ua, India in hon dou ngeingei aleh Hyderabad a om Hindu crore khat leh alang omte thahgam ahih diing uh peuh chiin vau hi.Tua kia hilou in, Nizam in Pakistan akipan gaalvan tampi aleikhiak ban ah USA president kiang nasan ah panpihna ngen hi. India kumpi in a terms and condition bawl pen uh 1948 September 11 tan a azuih kei aleh sepaih thahatna zang diing ahihdan azasak hi.Achihsa bang in September 13 leh 17 ni in India sepaihte’n Hyderabad va luh in Nizam’ sepaihte akisurrendersak uhi. Kasim Razvi matkhiak a om in, a pawlpi(Raizakars) zong phiat in om hi.1950 kum January 26 ni in Indian Union ah Hyderabad luut a, huai state Governor( Rajpramukh) masapen diing in Nizam mah guan in om ngal hi.
By: Dr Tualchin Neihsial
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